An electric vehicle is a vehicle that obtains electrical energy from the on-board power supply, drives the wheels with electric motors, and meets the requirements of road traffic safety regulations. Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles, its advantages are as follows.
(1) Electric vehicles can solve the problem of automobile dependence on petroleum resources. On-board power supplies for electric vehicles include storage batteries, fuel cells, solar batteries, and flywheel batteries. The electric energy required for battery charging can be converted from abundant renewable energy sources such as water energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, and tidal energy. Therefore, electric vehicles can be independent of oil resources, and the large amount of oil saved can alleviate the pressure of increasingly scarce oil.
(2) Electric vehicles can reduce the pollution of vehicles to the urban environment. The on-board power supply for electric vehicles does not emit any harmful gases during normal use, so electric vehicles are known as green vehicles. Compared with the internal combustion engine, the noise of the electric motor of an electric vehicle is very small when it is running. Therefore, if an electric vehicle is used to replace an internal combustion engine vehicle, the noise pollution in the city can be significantly reduced.
(3) Electric vehicles can save energy. The battery for electric vehicles can use the surplus power of the grid at night when the power consumption is low to charge the electric vehicle. On the one hand, it can avoid the waste of power and improve the utilization rate of the power grid; on the other hand, it can avoid the peak daytime power consumption and reduce Disturbance of charging to the grid. The driving motors of electric vehicles have a common feature, that is, when decelerating, braking, and downhill, the motor can be converted into a generator, which converts the kinetic energy and potential energy of the wheels during deceleration, braking and downhill into electrical energy, and charges the battery , To achieve part of the braking energy recovery, thereby improving energy utilization. Electric vehicles can be completely stopped when urban road traffic is congested or waiting for a red light, without consuming electric energy, avoiding the idling fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, and saving energy.
Given that the rapid development of the automobile industry has brought serious negative effects on energy, environment, climate and transportation, while paying attention to economic development, people’s awareness of energy conservation, environmental protection and safety should be raised while new energy vehicles have obvious advantages in these aspects. Become the development trend of the automobile industry in the future. Vigorously promoting energy conservation and emission reduction of traditional automobiles and the new energy automobile industry have become two important issues that China’s automobile industry urgently needs to solve.
The global automotive industry is facing huge challenges from increasingly severe energy and environmental issues. The development of electric vehicles will gradually realize the electrification of automotive energy power systems, comprehensively promote the strategic transformation of the traditional automotive industry, improve the competitiveness of the automotive industry, and maintain innovation in the automotive industry. , Green and sustainable development, a broad consensus has been reached in the international arena. A new round of research and development, demonstration and industrialization of new energy vehicles has begun, and it has been highly valued by governments and enterprises in various countries.
According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) data, the global sales of new energy vehicles and passenger vehicles exceeded 1 million in 2017, and the penetration rate of electric passenger vehicles was only about 2%, and it is expected to reach more than 40% in the future. The trend of automobile electrification has not changed, and the development of the new energy automobile industry is still in the lead-in period.