From an international perspective, with continuous technological innovation and breakthroughs, in the face of the financial crisis, rising oil prices and increasingly severe pressure on energy conservation and emission reduction, since 2008, countries, organizations and regions represented by Japan, the United States, and the European Union have successively released announcements. Implemented a new electric vehicle development strategy, further clarified the direction of industrial development, and significantly increased R&D investment and policy support. Japan takes industrial competitiveness as its primary goal, and comprehensively develops hybrid, pure electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles, leading the world in R&D and industrialization; the United States takes energy security as its primary task and emphasizes the development of plug-in electric vehicles ; The European Union takes CO2 emission regulations as the main driving force and attaches importance to the development of pure electric vehicles.
From a technical perspective, hybrid electric vehicle technology has gradually matured and has entered a period of product market competition. It is the first to realize industrialization and is becoming a new growth point in automobile market sales. Among them, hybrid electric vehicles in the Japanese market have reached about 10% of car sales. The advancement of pure electric vehicle battery technology is accelerating, and vehicle products are closer to consumer demand. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, as a kind of electric vehicle technology with the dual characteristics of pure electric and hybrid power, has become a new research and development hotspot in the world. Progress has been made in the innovation of pure electric vehicle business models represented by battery leasing. The world’s major automakers have accelerated the pace of mass production of pure electric vehicles; significant progress has been made in automotive fuel cell technology, and GM’s automotive fuel cell engine precious metal catalyst-platinum The consumption of fuel cell electric vehicles has been reduced from 80g to 30g in the previous generation, and to 10g in 2015. The performance indicators of fuel cell electric vehicles such as power, safety, driving range, and low-temperature startability are close to that of internal combustion engine vehicles, and the cost of fuel cell electric vehicles. Decreased significantly.
After years of exploration and practice, the international automotive industry has reached a strategic consensus on the industrialization of electric vehicles in terms of technical routes. It is divided into the following three stages.
(1) In the near future (2010-2015). While relying on the improvement of internal combustion engine vehicle technology and the promotion of vehicle miniaturization to achieve fuel saving and emission reduction, the application of hybrid technology should be promoted as soon as possible, and small pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles should be developed.
(2) Mid-term (2015-2020). On the basis of the widespread application of hybrid technology, the electrification of the vehicle power system will be improved, and the promotion of small pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles will be increased.
(3) Mid-to-long term (after 2020). Various pure electric drive technologies are gradually occupying a leading position. Through the further development of pure electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles, the goal of greatly reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions can be achieved. In terms of vehicle application, electric vehicle technologies such as pure electric, hybrid and fuel cell each have the optimal scope of application for transportation. For urban short-distance travel needs, small pure electric vehicles have advantages; for long-distance travel needs, it is suitable for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles or fuel cell electric vehicles.